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Book Summary:
Mutation, as the ultimate source of genetic variation, is an important force in evolution. To address the role of mutation, this study focuses on the estimation of mutation rate and the effect of deleterious mutations on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. The occurrence of premeiotic clusters raises the initial mutant frequencies in populations and thus increases the indirect estimation of mutation rates. The influence of premeiotic clusters is more obvious in small populations or with large cluster sizes. The deleterious genomic mutation rate, an important parameter involved in many evolutionary processes, can be directly estimated by mutation accumulation method. A mutation accumulation experiment was performed in Drosophila melanogaster using a new experimental design, the Binscy assay, supplied with concomitant sibling controls. The results indicated that in average about one in every three flies carries a new deleterious mutation every generation. The lifespan of male flies in the mutation accumulation experiment were measured, which suggested that newly induced deleterious mutations on the X chromosome significantly decreased the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster males. The results from this study provide substantial support to the important role of mutation in evolution and health. |
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